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Oxygen Saturation

 

Oxygen Saturation - Oxygen concentration determines the colour of the blood, which in turn determines the refraction of light that passes through the skin. A device called an oximeter analyzes the refraction to determine the blood's oxygen saturation: Well-oxygenated blood is bright red, while blood carrying less oxygen is darker.

The protein called haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, changes shape when it binds with oxygen. When it changes shape, it absorbs different wavelengths of light, making it change colour or making it lighter. When blood is exposed to air, much more of the haemoglobin absorbs oxygen than it had in the vein from where the blood comes in to the heart as the haemoglobin has already given up most of its oxygen to the body, and therefore, the blood turns dark red.